Litaba - Selelekela sa Ketane ea Limaraka tsa ho Phahamisa: G80, G100 le G120

Ho phahamisa liketane le matjeketjaneke likarolo tsa bohlokoa indastering eohle ea kaho, tlhahiso, merafo le ea mose ho maoatle. Tshebetso ea tsona e itšetlehile ka saense ea thepa le boenjiniere bo nepahetseng. Likereiti tsa ketane tsa G80, G100, le G120 li emela mekhahlelo ea matla a ntseng a phahama butle-butle, a hlalosoang ke matla a tsona a fokolang a ho thaepa (ho MPa) a atisitsoeng ka 10:

- G80: 800 MPa matla a ho thaepa a bonyane

- G100: Matla a ho thaepa a bonyane a 1,000 MPa

- G120: Matla a ho thaepa a bonyane 1,200 MPa

Mekhahlelo ena e latela maemo a machaba (mohlala, ASME B30.9, ISO 1834, DIN EN818-2) mme e feta tlhahlobong le tekong e tiileng ho netefatsa botshepehi tlasa meroalo e fetohang, mocheso o feteletseng, le dibaka tse senyang.

1. Lisebelisoa le Tšepe: Saense e ka Morao ho Likereiti tsa Liketane tsa ho Phahamisa

Litšobotsi tsa mechine tsa liketane tsena tsa ho phahamisa li hlaha ka lebaka la khetho e nepahetseng ea motsoako le kalafo ea mocheso.

Sehlopha	Thepa ea motheo	Kalafo ea mocheso	Lintho tsa Bohlokoa tsa ho Kopanya	Likarolo tsa Meaho e Menyenyane
G80	Tšepe ea khabone e mahareng	Ho tima le ho nolofatsa	C (0.25-0.35%), Mn	Martensite e nang le mocheso o matla
G100	Tšepe e nang le alloy e tlase e matla haholo (HSLA)	Ho tima ho laoloang	Cr, Mo, V	bainite/martensite e nang le dimela tse ntle
G120	Tšepe ea HSLA e tsoetseng pele	Ho lokisa ka nepo	Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb/V e kopantsoeng ka micro-alloyed	Ho hasana ha carbide e ntle haholo

Hobaneng le kamoo thepa ena e leng ea bohlokoa kateng:

- Ntlafatso ea Matla: Dikarolo tsa alloying (Cr, Mo, V) di bopa di-carbide tse sitisang motsamao wa ho falla, tse eketsang matla a tlhahiso ntle le ho fokotsa ho ductility.

-Khanyetso ea Mokhathala: Meaho e menyenyane e nang le dibopeho tse ntle ho G100/G120 e sitisa ho qalwa ha mapetso. Martensite e halefisitsoeng ya G120 e fana ka bophelo bo botle ba mokhathala (methapo e fetang 100,000 ho 30% WLL).

- Ho hanyetsa ho apara: Ho thatafatsa bokaholimo (mohlala, ho thatafatsa ha induction) ho G120 ho fokotsa ho kgohlana lits'ebetsong tse nang le khohlano e phahameng joalo ka li-dragline tsa merafo.

Mekhoa ea ho Welding bakeng sa Botšepehi ba Ketane

•Ho Lokisetsa Pele ho Weld:

o Hloekisa libaka tse kopaneng ho tlosa li-oxide/litšila.

o Futhumatsa ho fihlela ho 200°C (G100/G120) ho thibela ho petsoha ha haeterojene.

•Mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa:

o Ho Welda ka Laser: Bakeng sa liketane tsa G120 (mohlala, li-alloy tsa Al-Mg-Si), ho welda ka mahlakore a mabeli ho etsa libaka tsa ho kopanya tse nang le HAZ e bōpehileng joaloka H bakeng sa kabo ea khatello e tšoanang.

o TIG ea terata e Chesang: Bakeng sa liketane tsa tšepe tsa boiler (mohlala, 10Cr9Mo1VNb), ho tjheseletsa ka liphase tse ngata ho fokotsa ho sotha.

•Keletso ea Bohlokoa:Qoba diphoso tsa sebopeho sa jeometri ho HAZ - libaka tse kgolo tsa ho qala ho petsoha tse ka tlase ho 150°C.

Liparamitha tsa Kalafo ea Mocheso ea Kamora ho Weld (PWHT)

Sehlopha	Mocheso oa PWHT	Nako ea ho Tšoara	Phetoho ea Sebopeho sa Micro	Ntlafatso ea Thepa
G80	550-600°C	Lihora tse 2-3	Martensite e nang le mocheso o matla	Phomolo ea khatello ea maikutlo, + 10% ea tšusumetso e matla
G100	740-760°C	Lihora tse 2-4	Ho hasana ha carbide e ntle	Matla a mokhathala a 15%↑, HAZ e tšoanang
G120	760-780°C	Lihora tse 1-2	E thibela ho hoamisa ha M₂₃C₆	E thibela tahlehelo ea matla mochesong o phahameng

Temoso:Ho feta 790°C ho baka ho kobeha ha khabide → tahlehelo ea matla/bokgoni.

2. Tshebetso ea ho Phahamisa Liketane Maemong a Feteletseng

Libaka tse fapaneng li hloka litharollo tsa thepa tse etselitsoeng uena.

Mamello ea Mocheso:

- G80:Tshebetso e tsitsitseng ho fihlela ho 200°C; ka tahlehelo e potlakileng ya matla ho feta 400°C ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha mocheso.

- G100/G120:Liketane li boloka matla a 80% ho 300°C; likereiti tse khethehileng (mohlala, ka Si/Mo e ekelitsoeng) li hanela ho teneha ho fihlela ho -40°C bakeng sa tšebeliso ea arctic.

Khanyetso ea ho Sila:

- G80:E na le mafome; e hloka ho tlotsoa ka oli khafetsa libakeng tse mongobo.

- G100/G120:Dikgetho di kenyeletsa galvanization (e manehilweng ka zinki) kapa mefuta ya tshepe e sa ruseng (mohlala, 316L bakeng sa dimela tsa lewatle/dikhemikhale). G100 e nang le galvanized e mamella dihora tse fetang 500 ditekong tsa ho fafatsa letswai.

Mokhathala le Matla a Tšusumetso:

- G80:E lekane bakeng sa meroalo e sa fetoheng; ho tiea ha tshusumetso ≈25 J ho -20°C.

- G120:Ho tiea ho ikhethang (>40 J) ka lebaka la litlatsetso tsa Ni/Cr; e loketse ho phahamisa ka matla (mohlala, likerene tsa jareteng ea likepe).

3. Tataiso ea Khetho e Ikhethang ea Kopo

Ho khetha sehlopha se nepahetseng ho ntlafatsa polokeho le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea litšenyehelo.

Likopo	Sehlopha se Khothaletsoang	Lebaka
Kaho e Akaretsang	G80	E theko e tlase bakeng sa meroalo e itekanetseng/tikoloho tse omileng; mohlala, sekala sa ho lokisa.
Ho phahamisa likepe tsa leoatleng/tsa metsing	G100 (E nang le Galvanized)	Matla a phahameng + ho hanyetsa mafome; e hanela ho kenngwa ha metsi a lewatle.
Merafo/Likoepa	G120	E eketsa ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha ho sebetsana le mafika a kgopameng; e pholoha meroalo e matla ya ho thulana.
Mocheso o Phahameng (mohlala, Li-sili tsa Tšepe)	G100 (Mofuta o phekolwang ka mocheso)	E boloka matla haufi le lionto (ho fihlela ho 300°C).
Liphahamiso tse Matla tsa Bohlokoa	G120	E hanela mokhathala bakeng sa ho phahamisa li-helikopthara kapa ho kenya lisebelisoa tse potolohang.

4. Temohisiso ea Thibelo le Tlhokomelo ea ho Hlōleha

- Ho Hloleha ha Mokhathala:E atile haholo ho jarisoeng ha cyclic. Khanyetso e phahameng ea ho ata ha mapetso ea G120 e fokotsa kotsi ena.

- Ho qhaqha ha mashala:E beha matla kotsing; li-sling tsa G100 tse nang le galvanized li nka nako e telele ka makhetlo a 3x libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle ha li bapisoa le G80 e sa koaheloang.

- Tlhahlobo:ASME e laela hore ho hlahlojwe kgwedi le kgwedi bakeng sa mapetso, ho tsofala ha bophara ba >10%, kapa ho lelefala. Sebedisa teko ya dikarolwana tsa makenete bakeng sa dihokelo tsa G100/G120.

5. Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa e Mecha le Mekhoa ea Nakong e Tlang

- Liketane tse Bohlale:Liketane tsa G120 tse nang le li-sensor tsa khatello tse kentsoeng bakeng sa ho beha leihlo mojaro ka nako ea sebele.

- Liaparo:Liaparo tsa nano-ceramic ho G120 ho eketsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso libakeng tse nang le asiti.

- Saense ea Lintho Tse Bonahalang:Patlisiso mabapi le mefuta ya tshepe ya austenitic bakeng sa ho phahamisa cryogenic (ditshebediso tsa LNG tsa -196°C).

Ketane ea ho Phahamisa ea Sehlopha sa 80

Qetello: Ho Bapisa Kereiti ea Liketane le Litlhoko tsa Hao

- Khetha G80bakeng sa lifti tse sa fetoheng tse sa senyeheng tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase.

- Hlalosa G100bakeng sa ditikoloho tse senyang/tse fetohang tse hlokang matla le ho tshwarella ho leka-lekaneng.

- Khetha G120maemong a feteletseng: mokhathala o phahameng, ho kgohlahala, kapa ho phahamisa ka nepo.

Tlhokomeliso ea ho Qetela: Kamehla beha liketane tse netefalitsoeng pele tse nang le mekhoa ea ho phekola mocheso e ka lateloang. Khetho e nepahetseng e thibela ho hloleha ho kotsi—saense ea lintho tse bonahalang ke motheo oa ho phahamisa polokeho.

Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-17-2025

Selelekela sa Ketane ea Limaraka tsa ho Phahamisa: G80, G100 le G120

1. Lisebelisoa le Tšepe: Saense e ka Morao ho Likereiti tsa Liketane tsa ho Phahamisa

2. Tshebetso ea ho Phahamisa Liketane Maemong a Feteletseng

3. Tataiso ea Khetho e Ikhethang ea Kopo

4. Temohisiso ea Thibelo le Tlhokomelo ea ho Hlōleha

5. Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa e Mecha le Mekhoa ea Nakong e Tlang

Siea Molaetsa oa Hao: